Mechanical properties — properties related to the behavior of materials under load during normal mechanical tests, for example, elasticity, tensile strength, relative elongation, hardness.
Viscosity — the property of a metal (alloy) to stretch before destruction when a load is applied.
Magnetic permeability — the relative ease with which a ferromagnetic material can maintain a magnetic field.
Heat resistance — ability to withstand mechanical loads at high temperatures.
Heat resistance (oxide resistance) — the ability of metal materials to withstand chemical destruction of the surface.
Redness — the property of steel to crack during pressure treatment (forging, stamping, rolling) at red or yellow temperatures (850—1150°C).
Red resistance (heat resistance) — the ability of steel to maintain high hardness and wear resistance when heated to red heat temperatures.
Plasticity — a property of metals that makes it possible to mechanically deform them in a cold state without destruction. In steel, ductility is usually measured by the elongation and decrease in area determined during a tensile test.
Lengthening — a measure of plasticity associated with measuring the tensile strength and the percentage of elongation that the strip can withstand before breaking. It is usually expressed as a percentage of the original estimated length.
Creep — time-dependent deformation of a metal or alloy that occurs under load.
Hardenability — a property that determines the depth and distribution of alloy hardness after heating and hardening.
Durability — the ability of metal to absorb energy and plastically deform before destruction.
Strength limit — the maximum load applied to break the tensile test sample divided by the initial cross-section of the sample. Also called ultimate tensile strength.
Yield strength — load per unit of initial cross-section, at which mild steel noticeably increases deformation without increasing the load, that is, under constant or reduced load.
Elasticity limit — the maximum stress that the material can be subjected to without permanent deformation.
Hardness — the resistance of the material to plastic deformation by indentation or penetration. It is determined by the strength and plasticity of metals. As a rule, the method of indentation is used to measure the hardness of metals.
Resistivity — the strength of the material's resistance to electric current.
Tiredness — changes in the mechanical and physical properties of metals that occur under the prolonged effect of cyclically changing loads.
Fragility — metal destruction under the influence of shock loads or a large temperature difference.
Elasticity — a property that allows the material to return to its original shape and size.
The creation of precision alloys with predetermined parameters requires knowledge of the characteristics and properties of metals. At each stage of production, thorough laboratory control takes place. For example, the testing laboratories of the St. Petersburg Precision Alloy Plant carry out spectral, physical, mechanical and other analyses and tests, checking the chemical composition, physical properties, hardness and strength of materials, as well as the size and surface finish of finished products. All this makes it possible to obtain high-quality products with the required characteristics and certify them according to international standards.
These and other terms from the metallurgical industry are presented in alphabetical order in the section The ABC of metallurgy.
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