Precision alloys for aircraft: high technology in action

Aircraft, whether modern airplanes, helicopters or spaceships, require advanced materials that can withstand extreme operating conditions. One such solution is precision alloys, which are widely used in the active parts of hysteresis motor rotors used in gyroscopic devices.

Rotor and stator: the basis of an electrical machine

To understand how materials work and what materials are meant, let's start with the basics. A rotor is a rotating part of an electrical machine, whether it's an engine or a generator. It consists of a ferromagnetic material that has hysteresis loops that determine its magnetic properties. Depending on the type of motor, the rotor may be a permanent magnet, an electromagnet or a short-circuited winding. Its function is to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy or vice versa.

A stator is a fixed part of a machine that creates a magnetic field that interacts with the rotor. It consists of a core and a coil through which electric current flows. It is this interaction between the magnetic field of the stator and the rotor that drives the latter, ensuring the operation of the engine.

The speed of rotation of the rotor depends on the magnitude of the magnetic field, the frequency of the alternating current and the properties of the ferromagnetic material. It is also due to the load on the engine shaft. As the load increases, the rotation speed decreases.

Gyroscopic devices: accuracy and stability

Gyroscopic instruments are used to determine the parameters of an object's motion, for example, orientation angles. They are in demand in various fields, from aviation to the navy and space technology. Examples of such devices are:

1. AviaHorizon — measures the position of the aircraft relative to the horizon.
2. Gyrovertical — determines the angle of inclination of the object relative to the true vertical.
3. Gyrocompass — helps to set a course relative to the geographical meridian.

The operation of these devices is based on the ability of the gyroscope to maintain the direction of the axis of rotation, which makes them indispensable in navigation and stabilization systems.

The principle of operation of a hysteresis engine

A hysteresis motor is an electric motor that uses the hysteresis effect in the rotor's ferromagnetic material to create torque. The principle of operation is as follows:

1. Creating a magnetic field. The motor stator generates an alternating magnetic field that acts on the rotor.
2. Generating eddy currents. An alternating magnetic field causes a change in the magnetic flux through the rotor, which leads to eddy currents in the rotor material.
3. Field interaction. Eddy currents create their own magnetic field, which interacts with the stator field to create a force that rotates the rotor.
4. Delay. Due to hysteresis, the rotor cannot immediately follow the change in the stator's magnetic field, which creates the necessary torque.

Due to their reliability and resistance to overloads, hysteresis motors are widely used in gyroscopic devices with low power and constant rotation speed.

Precision alloys: 27CH and 49K2FA-VI

The rotors and stators of hysteresis motors are made of special precision alloys with unique magnetic and mechanical properties.

27KH

Precision iron-based alloy, cobalt et chromium. It is characterized by high induction in medium and strong magnetic fields, as well as a high Curie point (950°C). It has excellent mechanical properties, including high strength (1080 MPa when hardened). It is used for the manufacture of stators and rotors that operate at extreme temperatures and under conditions of significant mechanical loads.

49K2FA-VI

Magnetically soft an alloy consisting of gland, cobalt and vanadium. It is characterized by a high level of magnetic saturation, an increased Curie point (950°C) and good mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of up to 1320 MPa in the hardened state. It is used to create transformers, magnetic amplifiers, rotors and stators of electrical machines.

Benefits of using precision alloys

The use of high-quality precision alloys such as 27KX and 49K2FA-VI in aircraft structures provides:

• High reliability and durability of engines and gyroscopic devices.
• Resistance to extreme operating conditions, including high temperatures and mechanical loads.
• The accuracy and stability of navigation systems, which is critical for the safe control of aircraft.

PZPS specializes in formulating and the production of precision alloys of the highest quality that meet all modern requirements of the aviation and space industries. We we produce materials, which serve as the basis for creating reliable and efficient systems that are in demand in the most advanced fields of science and technology. On issues related to the supply of precision alloys, as well as development new materials please contact us at specified phones or leave a request on the site. Our experts will contact you and answer your questions in detail.

‍