Viscosity— the property of a metal (alloy) to stretch before destruction when a load is applied.
Vacuum degassing — the process of refining steel using a plant that removes oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen under low pressure (in vacuum) to produce high-quality steel.
G
Galvanization — the process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron to prevent rust or corrosion.
Hot rental — produced at temperatures above 926° C — this value is higher than the recrystallization temperature of steel. Under such conditions, the metal can be easily shaped, which makes it easier to work with the material.
D
Refinement — heat treatment, cooling, galvanizing, cutting to size to give steel certain qualities.
Shot blasting — cleaning and removing scale from metal using a jet of abrasive powder or shot. The shot can be sand, small steel balls of various diameters, silicon carbide granules and other suitable particles.
WELL
Heat resistance — ability to withstand mechanical loads at high temperatures.
Heat resistance (oxide resistance) — the ability of metal materials to withstand chemical destruction of the surface.
Z
Hardening — a method of heat treatment, which includes heating, holding and cooling steel. It is used to improve various characteristics (for example, increase hardness) of inexpensive steel grades, non-ferrous metals and alloys, thereby reducing the cost of products and structures obtained.
AND
Tool steel — tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt and vanadium are usually added to this alloy. There are six grades: air-hardening, water-hardening, type D, hot-deformed, shock-resistant and oil-hardened. Tool steels are commonly used in cutting and drilling equipment due to the higher heat resistance and hardness that their constituent materials give them.
TO
Redness — the property of steel to crack during pressure treatment (forging, stamping, rolling) at red or yellow temperatures (850—1150°C).
Red resistance (heat resistance) — the ability of steel to maintain high hardness and wear resistance when heated to red heat temperatures.
L
Alloy steel — In addition to iron, carbon and manganese, this alloy also uses other elements that affect the characteristics of the metal: chromium, nickel, copper, molybdenum, vanadium and aluminum. They help change plasticity, give strength, machinability and corrosion resistance.
M
Magnetic permeability — the relative ease with which a ferromagnetic material can maintain a magnetic field.
Metall — a chemically simple substance that is usually solid, shiny, malleable, low-melting and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity.
Metals — from iron and aluminum to copper and titanium — play an important role in everyday life. They are used everywhere — in construction, industry, medicine, electronics. Wherever you are right now, take a look around you — you'll find many items, at least created using metals and their alloys. It is absolutely clear that the device on which you are reading this text could not have been created without copper, cobalt, iron, tin and other metallic substances. In the article below, we'll look at basic metallurgical terms that will help you better understand the world of metals.
Mechanical properties — properties related to the behavior of materials under load during normal mechanical tests, for example, elasticity, tensile strength, relative elongation, hardness.
Microalloying — adding a small amount of alloying elements, such as niobium, vanadium or titanium, to improve the yield strength and tensile strength in advanced fine-grained steels.
n
Inox — steel containing at least 10.5% chromium (usually about 11-12%). It is easy to identify by gloss and is commonly used in the food, medical, and architectural industries.
OOH
Annealing — a thermal cycle that includes heating and holding the material at a certain temperature, and then cooling at the required rate to reduce hardness, improve workability, facilitate cold pressure treatment, create the desired microstructure or obtain the desired mechanical or other properties.
Vacation — heating to 200—700°C to make steel stiffer and less brittle.
P
Plasticity — a property of metals that makes it possible to mechanically deform them in a cold state without destruction. In steel, ductility is usually measured by the elongation and decrease in area determined during a tensile test.
Creep — time-dependent deformation of a metal or alloy that occurs under load.
Hardenability — a property that determines the depth and distribution of alloy hardness after heating and hardening.
Durability — the ability of metal to absorb energy and plastically deform before destruction.
Strength limit — the maximum load applied to break the tensile test sample divided by the initial cross-section of the sample. Also called ultimate tensile strength.
Yield strength — load per unit of initial cross-section, at which mild steel noticeably increases deformation without increasing the load, that is, under constant or reduced load.
Elasticity limit — the maximum stress that the material can be subjected to without permanent deformation.
Precision alloys — highly alloyed metal combinations with a predetermined set of properties and characteristics, produced in strict adherence to technology and without foreign inclusions in the structure (you can read more here).
Rent — industrial processing of metals and alloys to improve their characteristics. There are two types: cold and hot (you can learn more about both types of rental hereto).
R
Refining — removal of impurities from metals and alloys (usually in a liquid state at this moment) to improve quality. There are physical (liquation (zigeration), precipitation of intermetallic compounds, distillation or distillation refining (teasing)), chemical (selective oxidation and sulfidization, chlorination) and electrochemical (electrolytic refining — electrolysis of aqueous solutions or melts) refining methods.
Cutting — a metalworking process that is usually used to cut a wide steel coil into one or more narrow ones.
C
Sintering — a process in which iron-containing particles are combined into small granules.
Rafting — a compound made by combining two or more metals, for example, to give the final material greater strength or resistance to corrosion.
steel — an alloy of iron and carbon containing less than 2% carbon and 1% manganese, as well as small amounts of silicon, phosphorus, sulfur and oxygen. There are four types, within which it is divided into varieties. Each type has unique characteristics that allow them to be used in their respective areas.
T
Hardness — the resistance of the material to plastic deformation by indentation or penetration. It is determined by the strength and plasticity of metals. As a rule, the method of indentation is used to measure the hardness of metals.
Heat treatment — heating and cooling a steel product to obtain the desired characteristics or properties.
Thermomechanical treatment — a production method that gives steel the desired strength and other properties through a careful combination of machining (rolling) and temperature control.
Y
Resistivity — the strength of the material's resistance to electric current.
Tiredness — changes in the mechanical and physical properties of metals that occur under the prolonged effect of cyclically changing loads.
Carbon steel — steel, which usually contains up to 2% carbon; the most common type of steel, accounting for about 90% of production. It is divided into three main subcategories: mild steel, also known as mild steel, medium carbon steel, and high carbon steel.
F
Formatting — cutting steel plates or sheets to the dimensions required by the customer.
X
Fragility — metal destruction under the influence of shock loads or a large temperature difference.
Cold rolled — reprocessing of material that has already been hot-rolled, but this time at room temperature.
C
Galvanizing — protecting the metal from the onset and development of corrosion by applying a coating to its surface, the chemical composition of which can contain up to 95% zinc. It is carried out using various technologies (using hot, cold, galvanic, gas-thermal, thermal diffusion methods), each of which is used in certain situations and has both advantages and disadvantages.
Color coating (coating in rolls) — a process in which a cold-rolled strip is additionally coated with organic paint to improve corrosion protection and obtain a decorative, pleasant appearance.
UH
Elasticity — a property that allows the material to return to its original shape and size.
