Elastic elements such as springs, springs and membranes are an integral part of a variety of mechanisms and devices used in a wide variety of industries, from automotive industry and mechanical engineering up to aeronautical industries and medicine. Their main function is to absorb energy, withstand the load and return to their original form after the deformation has been eliminated. These elements are exposed to significant mechanical and sometimes thermal effects, which places high demands on the materials from which they are made.
Basic properties of steels and alloys for elastic elements
To ensure optimal performance of elastic elements, it is necessary to take into account several key properties of the materials from which they are made:
- Durability — ability to withstand loads without destruction. It depends on the chemical composition of the steel and the structure obtained as a result of heat treatment.
- Firmness — the ability to return to its original shape after the load is removed. High elasticity is achieved due to the optimal composition and special heat treatment.
- Plasticity — ability to deform without destruction. It ensures the flexibility of springs and membranes, which allows them to withstand repeated deformations without damage.
- Corrosion resistance — ability to resist corrosion in various environments. This is especially important for critical resilient elements used in conditions of high humidity or exposure to chemicals.
- Hardness — ability to resist the introduction of a firmer body. The high hardness of the surface ensures the wear resistance and durability of the elements, which is important for springs and springs operating under conditions of high mechanical stresses.
- Heat resistance — ability to maintain original characteristics with a significant increase in operating temperature. Heat-resistant steels are used for springs that are heated, for example, in aviation and space technology.
- Impact strength — the ability to absorb energy upon impact. Viscous steels ensure the safety and reliability of elastic elements, which is critical for the automotive and engineering industries.
These properties make steels and alloys irreplaceable for various operating conditions and help them perform their functions in the best possible way.
Types of steels and alloys for the production of elastic elements
There are several types of steels and alloys used for the manufacture of elastic elements, each of which has unique characteristics:
- Carbon steels — have good strength and elasticity, but have low corrosion resistance. Used for elastic elements with moderate property requirements:some text
- steel 70 — used in the production of elastic elements that require high wear resistance and increased strength properties.
- Alloy steels — contain additives of chromium, nickel, molybdenum and other elements, which improves hardenability and, therefore, strength and hardness:some text
- 65G — used for wear-resistant elastic elements that are not subject to shock loads during operation;
- 60S2A — silicon alloying significantly increases strength properties, which makes it possible to use this alloy for the production of heavily loaded springs;
- 70S2HA — high-carbon steel alloyed with silicon and chromium is used for watch springs, as well as in large critical springs.
- Stainless steels — resistant to corrosion, but have a higher cost. They are used in aggressive environments and conditions of high humidity:some text
- 12X18N9SMR — corrosion-resistant heat-resistant austenitic steel, whose springs can be used under fairly severe operating conditions.
- Special and precision alloys — are developed for specific operating conditions and have unique properties, such as heat resistance, wear resistance, etc. :some text
- 17HNGT — the material is based on iron, and chromium, nickel, manganese and titanium act as alloying additives. Due to this, the material can be used for elastic sensitive elements and spring parts for general and special purposes operating at temperatures up to 250℃.
- 36NHTYU — another iron-based alloy, the high content of chromium and nickel makes it possible to produce elastic sensitive elements that operate at temperatures up to 250℃.
- 40KHNM — An optimally selected chemical composition and a certain ratio of cobalt, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and iron make it possible to use this alloy in watch springs, coil springs operating at temperatures up to 400℃. In addition, some surgical instruments and medical needles are made from the tape.
An interesting fact: a spring made of this alloy, melted at the PZPS, is used in famous Peacock watches at the Hermitage.
The properties of these materials may differ significantly, which makes it possible to choose the most suitable alloy for the specific operating conditions of elastic elements.
The use of springs, springs and membranes
Elastic elements are widely used in various industries where their unique properties are important, as well as increased reliability and durability:
- automotive industry — suspension springs, springs for shock absorbers, membranes for engine management systems;
- mechanical engineering — springs for mechanisms, membranes for pressure sensors, springs for heavy equipment;
- aviation and cosmic technique — chassis springs, fuel tank membranes, wing and fuselage springs;
- medical equipment — springs for surgical instruments, membranes for blood filters;
- instrument engineering — watch springs, membranes for microphones and speakers, pressure gauges, springs for optical devices.
Thus, the choice of material for elastic elements depends on the specific requirements for strength, elasticity, ductility, hardness, corrosion resistance, heat resistance and impact strength.
PZPS offers a wide range assortment steels and alloys for the production of elastic elements. We ensure high quality products thanks to modern technologies and strict quality control at all stages of production. We also provide various production services, including heat treatment and machining to ensure optimal performance and high performance of your elastic elements. Call the following phones or leave application on the site. Our experts will help you choose the most suitable material, taking into account all the technical requirements and operating conditions of your products.
