Stamping is a technological process of processing materials in which the workpiece is given a certain shape and dimensions using a special tool — a stamp. Stamping allows you to quickly and accurately produce parts from metals or other materials in large volumes, while maintaining high accuracy in product geometry.
Main types of stamping
Stamping refers to methods of plastic deformation, in which the workpiece takes the form of a stamp under the influence of pressure. Depending on the temperature state of the material, there are two main types of stamping:
- Hot — the material is heated to high temperatures to increase its plasticity and reduce resistance to deformation. This method is used for processing refractory metals or large-sized workpieces.
- Cold — the process is performed at room temperature. This method provides higher dimensional accuracy and product surface finish, which makes it preferable for precision parts.
Stamping is a versatile technology used in a wide variety of industries, from heavy industry to high-precision electronics.
Examples of the use of stamped parts
Stamping is widely used in various industries that require high accuracy and durability of the equipment used:
- Aerospace industry. In the aircraft industry, precision alloys are used to manufacture parts for aircraft, rockets and spacecraft. From the tape 49K2FA-VI et 27KH rotor and stator elements are stamped, which must have high strength and high magnetic properties.
- Medical equipment. Precision tapes, in particular 40KHNM, serve as the basis for surgical instruments and joint prostheses and implants.
- Electronics. Grade alloys 50N, 50NP, 79NM, 80NM, 81NMA used in the manufacture of electronic components: inductors, throttles, relays and transformers.
- Chemical industry. Alloys 12X18N9 et 12X18H10T used in the chemical industry for the manufacture of equipment and pipelines that come into contact with corrosive media. The tape is used to make parts that are resistant to corrosion and chemicals.
- Energy. Alloys 20X13, HN78T used for the production of components for power plants and other equipment. The tape is stamped turbine parts, generators and other devices.
- Watch production. Rafting 40KHNM used to create springs, gears and other elements of clockwork.
The method will become popular due to its high accuracy, speed and efficiency. The stamping process makes it possible to create both simple and complex products with minimal material waste.
Stages of the stamping process
The stamping process involves several key steps. Each of them ensures that the required shape, accuracy and quality of the finished product is achieved:
- Preparation. The source material, for example, a metal tape, is pre-cleaned: dirt, scale, oil residues and other impurities are removed. If necessary, technological coatings are applied, for example, lubricants or anticorrosive compounds that reduce friction and improve the quality of the finished product. If the material is supplied in rolls, tape cut into workpieces of the right size.
- Heating (during hot stamping). The material is heated to a temperature at which it becomes more ductile and easier to deform. The heating temperature depends on the properties of a particular material.
- Placing the material on the stamp. The workpiece is placed on the working surface of the lower part of the stamp — the matrix. Accurate positioning is important for ensuring dimensional accuracy and eliminating defects. In automated lines, this process is carried out using feeding mechanisms.
- Pressure application. At this stage, pressing equipment with adjustable impact force is used, which depends on the thickness of the material, its plasticity and the complexity of the shape. Hydraulic or pneumatic presses are used to process complex shapes or massive parts, which ensure an even distribution of force. This step is key in the stamping process, as it determines the final dimensions and shape of the product.
- Extraction of the finished product. The finished product is removed from the stamp using mechanical or automated means. Fracture (excess material forming on the edges of the product) is removed by laser cutting, pressing or grinding.
- Cooling (when hot stamped). The finished product is cooled in water, oil or air, depending on the requirements for its microstructure. In some cases, additional leave is taken to relieve internal stress.
- Quality control. The final stage includes checking the geometric parameters, structural characteristics and, if necessary, the physical properties of the product (for example, magnetic or elastic). At this stage, the method of non-destructive testing can also be used: ultrasonic flaw detection, radiographic analysis, etc.
Each stage is strictly regulated by the technological map, which ensures the stable quality and accuracy of the finished product.
Benefits of using precision alloy strips for stamping
Precision alloys ensure high accuracy and reliability of finished products. Their unique properties make these materials indispensable for stamping:
- High dimensional and shape accuracy. Precision alloys have high manufacturing accuracy, which makes it possible to obtain products with minimal deviations from specified parameters. This is especially important for high-precision parts used in Aviation, medical equipment and electronics.
- The ability to process. Due to their plasticity, precision alloys withstand significant loads without breaking or cracking. This makes it possible to obtain complex shapes and detailed surfaces without loss of quality.
- Stable properties. When stamping, alloys retain their physical and mechanical characteristics: resistance to deformation, corrosion, and thermal stress.
- Versatility. Precision belts are suitable for various types of stamping, such as deep drawing, bending, forming. This makes them versatile tools for the production of a wide range of products.
These advantages ensure the widespread use of precision belts in various industries.
Materials used for stamping
For the production of parts, the following groups of materials are used, produced at PZPS:
- Soft magnetic alloys:some text
- 50N, 50NP — for the production of parts with minimal hysteresis losses;
- 79NM, 80NM, 81NMA — materials for high-frequency components;
- 49K2FA-VI, 27KH — alloys with high magnetic characteristics used in rotors and stators.
- Alloys for elastic elements:some text
- Alloys with a low coefficient of linear expansion:some text
- 29NK, 36N, 42N — ensure dimensional stability during temperature changes.
- Electrotechnical steels:some text
- Corrosion resistant steels:some text
- 12X18N9, 12X18H10T — used in the chemical and food industries for the manufacture of tanks and pipelines.
- Heat-treated ribbons:some text
PZPS offers reliable solutions for the most complex tasks. We guarantee consistently high quality products, an individual approach to each project and strict control at all stages of production. Modern equipment, experienced specialists and a wide range of products allow us to meet the needs of enterprises in various industries: from aviation to medicine. By choosing a PZPS, you get not only world-class products, but also a partner that will help you succeed. Get in touch with us today to discuss your project and find optimal solutions to implement it!
